Facts about Clinical Depression
Facts about Clinical Depression
Depressed mood is a normal consequence of any disturbing event in life ranging in effect from losing a chess
game to the death of a loved one. Such depression heals naturally without any treatment in some time, say from a
few days to a few months. If the depression persists for as long as six month, or more, it is called clinic
depression and needs professional treatment.
Types of Clinical Depression
There are three main types of clinical depression: unipolar, bipolar, and dysthymia. Unipolar depressive
disorder is also called major depression. The patient suffers episodes of severe depression with no signs of a
light mood for months. Bipolar depressive disorder is also called manic-depressive disorder. In these cases,
patients experience severe depression alternating with episodes of mania (intensely happy mood). Dysthymia is the
mild form of depression characterized by long periods of sadness and pessimism.
Symptoms of Clinical Depression
Whether of any type, depression has some common symptoms experienced by all patients. These include persistent
feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and hopelessness; high degree of irritability and overreaction to irritable
situations; lack of motivation toward life activities; failure in concentrating and poor memory; feeling of fatigue
and restlessness; low self-esteem and guilt feelings; sleep disturbances; slow movements, thinking, and/or speech;
asocial and antisocial behavior; suicidal thoughts or behavior; and reporting physical pain/ache without any signs
of a physical cause.
Prevalence of Depression
Clinical depression prevails among an estimated 12 per cent of population. It is reported in all ages, races,
and both genders. However, bipolar disorder is more common among women than among men.
Causes of Clinical Depression
There is no single cause or single type of causes responsible for depression. Each case of depression appears to
be the result of a unique combination of physiological and environmental factors.
A major known physiological cause of depression is the insufficient quantity or inactivity of the
neurotransmitter serotonin. Another neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, also plays an important part in relieving
depression. Evidence reveals that depression can be inherited. Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies show the
difference in the brain function of depressed people as opposed to normal people. The subgenual prefrontal cortex
of brain has been found smaller in pateints having a family history of depression. Addiction to drugs and alcohol
is also held responsible for depression. And all these causes are significantly influenced by social/environmental
factors like painful childhood experiences, traumas, and one's belief system
etc.
It should be noted that depression is sometimes an indicator of another disease like heart disease, cancer, or
disruption of thyroid function. To properly diagnose the condition, one must consult a physician for relevant
tests.
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